1.
--> cal
2.
--> date -A4
3.
--> date -B2
4.
--> date
5.
--> date "+%d-%B-%y"
6.
--> echo -e "Mer Maitri"
printf "Mer Maitri\n"
--> cal
2.
--> date -A4
3.
--> date -B2
4.
--> date
5.
--> date "+%d-%B-%y"
6.
--> echo -e "Mer Maitri"
printf "Mer Maitri\n"
7.
--> a=50
8.
--> printf "Value of A:%d\n" $a
echo -e "Value of A:" $a
9.
--> printf "Value of A in octal %o" $a
printf "Value of A in hexadecimal %x" $a
10.
--> script testfile
cal
date
exit
11.
--> mkdir tempdir
12.
--> mkdir rootdir rootdir/dir1 rootdir/dir2
13.
--> cp testfile rootdir rootdir/dir1 rootdir/dir2
14.
--> cat > file1
15.
--> cp file1 rootdir/dir1 rootdir/dir2
16.
--> pwd
$HOME
17.
--> ls
18.
--> ls -a
19.
--> ls -R rootdir
20.
--> cp rootdir duplicatedir
21.
--> mv testfile filetest
22.
--> wc filetest
23.
--> rm filetest
24.
rm -R duplicatedir
25.
cat > friendlist1
26.
cat >friendlist2
27.
cat dupfriend
28.
cmp friendlist[1,2]
29.
cmp friendlist1 dupfriend
30.
comm friendlist[1,2]
31.
comm -12 friendlist[1,2]
32.
diff friendlist[1,2]
33.
passwd
34.
sudo add.user testuser
35.
sudo add.user testuser
36.
37.
who
38.
ls /bin
39.Remove all files & directories created so far from the home directory.
rm dup* *list* file1
rm -R *dir
Assignmnet-2
1.Create a new file 'file1' and check its default permission.
cat > file1
ls -l file1
2.Create a new directory dir1 and check its default permissions.
mkdir dir1
ls -ld dir1
3.Create directories rootdir,rootdir/dir1,rootdir/dir2 with a single command
mkdir rootdir rootdir/dir1 rootdir/dir2
4.Create two more files newfile and testfile using either script or cat command
cat > newfile
cat> testfile
5.Copy file1 in rootdir
cp file1 rootdir
6.Copy both the files newfile and testfile in root/dir1 and rootdir/dir2 respectivly
cp newfile rootdir/dir1
cp testfile rootdir/dir2
7.Compress the file1 using gzip command
gzip file1
8.Check the contents of home directory
ls
9.Uncompress the file file1 using gzip command
gzip -d file1.gz
10.Compress multiple files newfile and testfile using a single command
gzip newfile testfile rootdir/dir1/newfile rootdir/dir2/testfile
11.Uncompress files newfile and testfile using gunzip
gunzip newfile testfile rootdir/dir1/newfile rootdir/dir2/testfile
12.Compress all files of rootdir usinf gzip
gzip -r rootdir
13.Check the entire tree structure of rootdir using ls
ls -R rootdir
14.Uncompress all files of rootdir
gunzip -r rootdir
15.Display the contents of file file1
cat file1
16.Make some modifications to the contents of file ‘file1’.
cat >> file1
17.Remove the read permission from ‘file1’ for category user and try to list the contents of ‘file1’.
chmod u-r file1
cat file1
18.Once again assign read permission to ‘file1’ for category user.
chmod u+r file1
19.Remove the write permission from ‘file1’ for category user and try to modify the contents of ‘file1’.
chmod u-w file1
cat >> file1
20.Once again assign write permission to ‘file1’ for category user.
chmod u+w file1
21.Remove the execute permission from ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u-x rootdir
Then attempt:
- Checking the contents of ‘RootDir’.
- Creating a file within ‘RootDir’.
- Modifying the contents of file within ‘RootDir’.
22.Once again assign execute permission to ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u+x rootdir
23.Remove the write permission from ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u-w rootdir
Then attempt:
- Checking the contents of ‘RootDir’.
- Creating a file within ‘RootDir’.
- Modifying the contents of file within ‘RootDir’.
24.Once again assign write permission to ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u+w rootdir
25.Remove the read permission from ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u-r rootdir
Then attempt:
- Checking the contents of ‘RootDir’.
- Creating a file within ‘RootDir’.
- Modifying the contents of file within ‘RootDir’.
26.Once again assign read permission to ‘RootDir’ for category user.
chmod u+r rootdir
27.Compress the file ‘file1’ using tar. Check the contents of home directory. (additional tar file will be there).
tar -cvf file1.tar file1
ls
28.Remove the file ‘file1’.
rm file1
29.Uncompress the file ‘file1’ using tar. Check the contents of home directory as well as ‘file1’.
tar -xvf file1.tar
ls
cat file1
30.Compress all files of ‘RootDir’ using tar. Check the contents of home directory.
tar -cvf rootdir.tar rootdir
31.Remove the entire original directory structure of ‘RootDir’.
rm -R rootdir
32.Check all the files and subdirectories that are compressed in ‘RootDir.tar’ using tar.
tar -tvf rootdir.tar
33.Uncompress the contents of ‘RootDir’ using tar.
tar -xvf rootdir.tar
34.Create multiple files – ‘file2’, ‘file3’, ‘file5’ and ‘file6’ with different contents in the home directory.
cat > file2
cat > file3
cat >file5
cat > file6
35.List all files having names starting with characters ‘file’.
ls file*
36.List all files having names ending with characters ‘file’.
ls *file
37.List all files having names starting with characters ‘file’ and the last character ‘1’ or ‘2’.
ls file[1-2]
38.List all files having names starting with characters ‘file’ and the last character must not be ‘1’ or ‘2’.
ls file[!1-2]
39.List all files having names starting with characters ‘file’ and the last character in the range of ‘1’ to ‘5’.
ls file[1-5]
40.Write some arithmetic expressions in file ‘file1’. (after removing original contents)
cat>>file1
2+5
2^3
41.Make use of file ‘file1’ as input for bc command.
bc < file1
42.Store the output of bc command using ‘file1’ to ‘file2’.
bc < file1 > file2
43.Transfer the output of ‘ls’ command to file ‘file3'
ls > file3
Assignment-3
44.Transfer the output of ‘ls –l’ command to the file ‘file4’, and display the output on terminal as well.
ls -l | tee file4
45.Create a file ‘numfile’ with numbers from 1 to 20. (Each number on separate line)
cat > numfile
46.Create a file ‘employee’ with ‘|’ as a separator for each field on each record. (The file exists as a notepad file in this directory.)
ls -d"|" emp
47.Prepare the file ‘employee’ for printing.
pr employee
48.Prepare the file ‘employee’ for printing without any header and footer.
pr -t employee
49.Prepare the file ‘employee’ for printing including line numbers to the left.
pr -t -n employee
50.Prepare the file ‘employee’ for printing with one blank line in between two records.
pr -t -d employee
51.Prepare the file ‘employee’ for printing with 8 blank spaces on the left of each line.
pr -t -o8 employee
52.Prepare the file ‘numfile’ for printing without any header and footer.
pr -t numfile
53.Prepare the file ‘numfile’ for printing so that there are 4 columns on each line.
pr -t -4 numfile
54.Display the first 10 lines of ‘employee’.
pr -t employee | head -10
55.Display the first 4 lines of ‘employee’.
pr -t employee | head -4
56.Display the first 4 lines of ‘employee’ with line numbers to the left.
pr -t -n employee | head -4
57.Display the first 3 lines of ‘employee’ with one blank line in between two records.
pr -t -d employee | head -3
58.Display the last 10 lines of ‘employee’.
pr -t employee | tail -10
59.Display the last 3 lines of ‘employee’ on terminal and save the same output in file ‘file5’.
pr -t empolyee | tail -3 |tee file5
60.Display the last 3 lines of ‘employee’ with 10 spaces on the left of each line/record.
pr -t -o10 employee | tail -3
61.Display 5th to 10th record of file ‘employee’.
pr -t employee | tail -10 |head -6
62.Display 7th to 12th record of file ‘employee’ on terminal and save the same output in file ‘emp’.
pr -t employee |tail -8 |head -6 | tee emp
63.Add the first 6 records to the ‘emp’ file.
pr -t employee | head 6 | tee emp
64.Display the character on 2nd column of each line of ‘employee’.
cut -d"|" -f 2 employee
65.Display the characters on 2nd, 5th and 12th column of each line of ‘employee’ ensuring that only the first 4 records are included on the terminal.
cut -d"|" -f 2,5,12 employee | head -4
66.Display the 6th to 10th characters of each line of ‘employee’ on the terminal.
cut -c 6-10 employee
67.Display the 6th to 10th, as well as 18th to 25th characters of each line of ‘employee’ on the terminal and save the same output in file ‘file6’.
cut -c 6-10 18-25 employee| tee file6
68.Include the last 5 lines of the 6th to 10th, as well as 18th to 25th characters from file ‘employee’ in a new file ‘file7’. (Output must not be displayed on the terminal.)
cut -c 6-10 18-25 employee |tail 5| tee file6
69.Display the first three fields of ‘employee’ on the terminal.
cut -d"|" -f 1-3 employee
70.Display the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th fields of ‘employee on terminal and save the same output in file ‘emp1’.
cut -d"|" -f 1,3,5,6 employee | tee emp1
71.Transfer the fields 1, 2 and 3 of ‘employee’ to file ‘emp1’. (Overwrite the file.)
cut -d"|" -f 1,3,5 employee | tee emp1
72.Transfer the fields 4, 5 and 6 of ‘employee’ to file ‘emp2’.
cut -d"|" -f 4,5,6 employee | tee emp2
73.Include first five lines of the first three fields of ‘employee’ to be displayed on the terminal.
cut -d"|" -f 1-3 | tail -5 employee
74.Display the first four fields of ‘employee’ on the terminal. Include line / record numbers on the left.
pr -t -n employee | head -4 employee
75.Combine the contents of files ‘emp1’ and ‘emp2’ so that all six fields are included on each record.
paste emp1 emp2
76.Include a separator character “|” while combining the contents of files ‘emp1’ and ‘emp2’ so that all six fields are included on each record.
paste -d "|" emp1 emp2
77.Combine the contents of three lines on a single line in ‘numfile’ and display it on the terminal. Use ‘*’ as a separator character.
head -3 numfile | paste -s -d "*"
78.Arrange the records of ‘employee’ file in ascending order of 2nd field (name).
sort -t"|" -k2 employee
79.Arrange the records of ‘employee’ file in ascending order of 6th field (salary).
sort -t"|" -n -k6 employee
80.Display only the contents of 2nd field (from employee file) in ascending order.
cut -d"|" -f2 employee | sort -t"|"
81.Display only the unique values from the above result.
cut -d"|" -f2 employee | sort -t"|" -u
82.Arrange the contents of ‘numfile’ in descending order and display it on the terminal.
sort -n -r -u numfile
83.Display the contents of ‘employee’ sorted first on job and then on department number field in ascending order.
sort -t"|" -k8 employee | sort -t"|" -k3
84.Transfer the contents of 3rd field job from employee file to a new file named ‘job’. Ensure that the contents are also displayed on the terminal.
cut -d"|" -f3 employee | tee job
85.Transfer the contents of 6th field salary from employee file to a new file named ‘salary’.Ensure that the contents are also displayed on the terminal.
cut -d"|" -f6 employee | tee salary
86.Sort the contents of ‘job’ in ascending order.
sort job
87.Sort the contents of ‘salary’ in descending order.
sort -n -r salary
88.Display the contents of ‘job’ file in ascending order with numbering on the left.
sort job | pr -t -n
89.Display the contents of ‘job’ file in descending order with numbering on the left and three job values on a single line.
sort job | pr -t -n -3
90.Create a file ‘names1’ that contains names of first 7 employees in ascending order.
sort -t"|" -k2 employee | head -7 | tee names1
91.Create a file ‘names2’ that contains names of last 5 employees in ascending order.
sort -t"|" -k2 employee | tail -5 | tee names2
92.Display the contents of files ‘names1’ and ‘names2’ so that all names appear in ascending order.
sort -m names1 names2
93.Display only the duplicate values from ‘job’ file.
uniq -d job
94.Display only the unique values from ‘job’ file.
sort job | uniq -u
95.Display the number of times each value is present in ‘job’ file.
uniq -c job
96.Through a single command replace characters ‘ABC’ with ‘123’ respectively in ‘employee’ file. Ensure that only last three lines are displayed on the terminal.
tr "ABC" "123" < employee | tail -3
97.Convert the case of all characters in ‘employee’ file from upper to lower.
tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' < employee
98.Remove all ‘7’ and ‘0’ from ‘employee’ file.
tr -d '70' < employee
99.Remove all tabs from ‘employee’ file.
tr -d '\t' < employee
100.Compress all trailing zeros in ‘employee’ file.
tr -s "0" < employee
101.Replace all ‘0’ and ‘1’ with ‘*’ and ‘#’ in ‘employee’ file.
tr "01" "*#" < employee
102.Replace all ‘A’ and ‘B’ with ‘0’ and ‘1’ in ‘employee’ file.
tr "AB" "01" <employee
103.Create a file ‘emphardlink’ which is a hard link to ‘employee’ file in the current directory.
ln employee emphardlink
104.Check the inode number and number of links for the files – ‘employee’ and ‘emphardlink’.
ls -i employee emphardlink
ls -li employee emphardlink
105.List the contents of file ‘emphardlink’.
cat emphardlink
106.Shift the file ‘emphardlink’ from current directory to ‘rootdir’.
mv emphardlink rootdir
107.Now once again list the contents of file ‘emphardlink’.
cat emphardlink
108.Create a file ‘empbackup’ that is a backup of file ‘employee’.
cat employee | tee empbackup
109.Delete the file ‘employee’.
rm employee
110.Check the inode number and number of links for the file ‘emphardlink’.
ls -li rootdir/emphardlink
111.Now once again list the contents of file ‘emphardlink’.
cat rootdir/emphardlink
112.Change the name of file ‘empbackup’ to ‘employee’.
mv empbackup employee
113.Create a file ‘empsoftlink’ which is a soft link to ‘employee’ file in the current directory.
ln -s employee empsoftlink
114.Check the inode number and number of links for the files – ‘employee’ and ‘empsoftlink’.
ls -i employee empsoftlink
ls -li employee empsoftlink
115.List the contents of file ‘empsoftlink’.
cat empsoftlink
116.Shift the file ‘empsoftlink’ from current directory to ‘rootdir’.
mv empsoftlink rootdir
117.Now once again list the contents of file ‘empsoftlink’.
cat rootdir/empsoftlink
118.Move back the file ‘empsoftlink’ from ‘rootdir’ to current directory.
mv rootdir/empsoftlink user1
119.Create a file ‘empbackup’ that is a backup of file ‘employee’.
cat employee | tee empbackup
120.Delete the file ‘employee’.
rm employee
121.Check the inode number and number of links for the file ‘empsoftlink’.
ls -li rootdir/empsoftlink
122.Now once again list the contents of file ‘empsoftlink’.
cat empsoftlink
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